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from https://davidyat.es/2015/04/03/encrypting-a-second-hard-drive-on-ubuntu-14-10-post-install/

übersetzt: https://wiki.markus-spring.de/doku.php/computer:ubuntu:luks_entschluesseln_mit_schluesseldatei 

Siehe auch dieser c't-Artikel {{ :ct.21.21.158-160.pdf |}}

  # Create keyfile on encrypted partition
  sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/srv/.keyfile bs=1024 count=4
  sudo chmod 0400 /srv/.keyfile
  sudo cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdc1 /srv/.keyfile
  # Now another key slot should be taken
  cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sdc1
  
To decrypt the backupdisk manually

  cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdc1 enc-backupCopy1 --key-file=/srv/.keyfile 

  # The value you want is the UUID of /dev/sd?X, not dev/mapper/sd?X_crypt. 
  # Also make sure to copy the UUID, not the PARTUUID.
  blkid

Now that the keyfile’s been made, you’ll need to add the following line to /etc/crypttab to automatically use it to unlock the partition on startup.

  # /etc/crypttab  
  # (New encrypted partition with keyfile that was generated)
  sd?X_crypt UUID=<device UUID> /root/.keyfile luks,discard	

  # /etc/fstab
  /dev/mapper/sd?X_crypt  /<mount-point>   ext4    defaults        0       2